{"id":4911,"date":"2026-08-10T15:37:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T12:37:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/?p=4911"},"modified":"2026-08-10T15:40:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T12:40:03","slug":"psihodrama-21-gadsimta-vai-tai-ir-vieta-musdienu-psihoterapija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/psihodrama-21-gadsimta-vai-tai-ir-vieta-musdienu-psihoterapija\/","title":{"rendered":"Psihodr\u0101ma 21. gadsimt\u0101: vai tai ir vieta m\u016bsdienu psihoterapij\u0101?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Izv\u0113loties psihoterapijas virzienu \u2014 gan k\u0101 klientam, gan k\u0101 topo\u0161ajam profesion\u0101lim \u2014 ir pamatoti jaut\u0101t ne tikai: vai \u0161\u012b metode mani uzrun\u0101?<\/em> Tikpat svar\u012bgs ir jaut\u0101jums: ko m\u0113s zin\u0101m par t\u0101s efektivit\u0101ti un vietu m\u016bsdienu psihoterapij\u0101?<\/strong><\/p>

Psihodr\u0101ma ir viena no v\u0113sturiski sen\u0101kaj\u0101m darb\u012bb\u0101 balst\u012btaj\u0101m psihoterapijas metod\u0113m. T\u0101s pirms\u0101kumi saist\u012bti ar psihiatra un psihoterapeita J\u0113kaba Levi Moreno darbu 20. gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113. J.L.Moreno cilv\u0113ku skat\u012bja ne tikai k\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137u indiv\u012bdu, bet k\u0101 b\u016btni attiec\u012bb\u0101s \u2014 cilv\u0113ka psiholo\u0123isk\u0101 pasaule veidojas un main\u0101s mijiedarb\u012bb\u0101 ar citiem.<\/p>

Vair\u0101k nek\u0101 simts gadus v\u0113l\u0101k psihoterapijas valoda ir main\u012bjusies, ta\u010du daudzas psihodr\u0101mas centr\u0101l\u0101s idejas \u0161\u0137iet p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161i m\u016bsdien\u012bgas.\u00a0Psihodr\u0101m\u0101 psihoterapeitiskais darbs nenotiek tikai sarun\u0101. Pieredze tiek p\u0113t\u012bta darb\u012bb\u0101 \u2014 izmantojot lomas, attiec\u012bbas, \u0137ermenisko un emocion\u0101lo pieredzi, perspekt\u012bvas mai\u0146u, izt\u0113li un grupas procesus. Cilv\u0113kam tiek dota iesp\u0113ja ne tikai run\u0101t par notiku\u0161o, bet dro\u0161\u0101 psihoterapeitisk\u0101 vid\u0113 to izp\u0113t\u012bt, paskat\u012bties uz situ\u0101ciju no citas perspekt\u012bvas un izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t jaunas atbildes.\u00a0Psihodr\u0101mas centr\u0101 ir ar\u012b spontanit\u0101te un rado\u0161ums \u2014 sp\u0113ja sastapt jaunu situ\u0101ciju ar adekv\u0101tu atbildi vai paz\u012bstam\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 atrast jaunu atbildes veidu.<\/p>

Ta\u010du metodes v\u0113sture, teor\u0113tisk\u0101 pievilc\u012bba un kl\u012bnisk\u0101 pieredze pa\u0161as par sevi v\u0113l nav pietiekams pamats, lai run\u0101tu par psihoterapijas efektivit\u0101ti \u0161odien\u0101.<\/p>

Ko r\u0101da p\u0113t\u012bjumi?<\/h2>

Psihodr\u0101ma nav tik pla\u0161i p\u0113t\u012bta k\u0101 da\u017ei citi psihoterapijas virzieni. Tas ir b\u016btisks ierobe\u017eojums, kuru nedr\u012bkst ignor\u0113t. Tom\u0113r apgalvojums, ka psihodr\u0101mai nav emp\u012briskas pier\u0101d\u012bjumu b\u0101zes, ar\u012b neb\u016btu prec\u012bzs.<\/p>

Kipper un Ritchie (2003) veica vienu no agr\u012bnaj\u0101m psihodramatisko meto\u017eu efektivit\u0101tes metaanal\u012bz\u0113m. Taj\u0101 tika apkopoti 25 eksperiment\u0101li p\u0113t\u012bjumi un konstat\u0113ts kopum\u0101 pozit\u012bvs psihodramatisko tehniku efekts. \u0160is p\u0113t\u012bjums \u0161odien jau ir v\u0113sturisks, tom\u0113r tas ir noz\u012bm\u012bgs k\u0101 viens no pirmajiem m\u016bsdienu m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumiem psihodr\u0101mas efektivit\u0101ti v\u0113rt\u0113t, apkopojot vair\u0101ku p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101tus.<\/p>

Daudz pla\u0161\u0101ku ainu sniedz Orkibi un Feniger-Schaal (2019) sistem\u0101tiskais p\u0101rskats. Autori analiz\u0113ja 31 psihodr\u0101mas intervences p\u0113t\u012bjumu, kas public\u0113ts laika posm\u0101 no 2007. l\u012bdz 2017. gadam. Kopum\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjumos tika konstat\u0113ti daudzsolo\u0161i rezult\u0101ti da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s popul\u0101cij\u0101s un attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz da\u017e\u0101diem psiholo\u0123iskajiem izn\u0101kumiem.\u00a0Vienlaikus autori nor\u0101d\u012bja ar\u012b uz b\u016btisk\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m: maziem p\u0113t\u012bjumu paraugiem, metodolo\u0123isk\u0101m at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m, nepietiekamu randomiz\u0113tu kontrol\u0113tu p\u0113t\u012bjumu skaitu un nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c kvalitat\u012bv\u0101kas psihodr\u0101mas procesu un rezult\u0101tu p\u0113tniec\u012bbas.<\/p>

Tie\u0161i \u0161\u012b kritisk\u0101 da\u013ca ir b\u016btiska. <\/span>Pier\u0101d\u012bjumos balst\u012bta pieeja nenoz\u012bm\u0113 mekl\u0113t tikai tos p\u0113t\u012bjumus, kas apstiprina m\u016bsu p\u0101rliec\u012bbu par izv\u0113l\u0113to metodi. T\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113 jaut\u0101t ar\u012b: <\/span>cik kvalitat\u012bvi ir \u0161ie pier\u0101d\u012bjumi un cik dro\u0161us secin\u0101jumus no tiem dr\u012bkstam izdar\u012bt?<\/strong><\/p>

2021.gad\u0101 public\u0113taj\u0101 sistem\u0101tiskaj\u0101 kontrol\u0113to kl\u012bnisko p\u0113t\u012bjumu p\u0101rskat\u0101 tika analiz\u0113ti 15 p\u0113t\u012bjumi, no kuriem 14 bija randomiz\u0113ti kontrol\u0113ti p\u0113t\u012bjumi, kopum\u0101 aptverot 642 dal\u012bbniekus. Autori konstat\u0113ja pozit\u012bvus psihodr\u0101mas rezult\u0101tus vair\u0101kos p\u0113t\u012btajos soci\u0101lajos un kl\u012bniskajos izn\u0101kumos, vienlaikus atkal nor\u0101dot uz p\u0113t\u012bjumu heterogenit\u0101ti un metodolo\u0123iskajiem ierobe\u017eojumiem (L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez et al., 2021).<\/p>

Savuk\u0101rt 2024. gad\u0101 public\u0113taj\u0101 sistem\u0101tiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rskat\u0101 un metaanal\u012bz\u0113 Wang, Ding un Luo analiz\u0113ja septi\u0146us randomiz\u0113tus kontrol\u0113tus p\u0113t\u012bjumus ar 332 dal\u012bbniekiem. Metaanal\u012bz\u0113 tika konstat\u0113ts statistiski noz\u012bm\u012bgs kop\u0113jais psihodr\u0101mas efekts uz psihisk\u0101s vesel\u012bbas izn\u0101kumiem (standartiz\u0113t\u0101 vid\u0113j\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba jeb SMD = 0,768).\u00a0Ar\u012b \u0161o rezult\u0101tu nepiecie\u0161ams interpret\u0113t piesardz\u012bgi. Anal\u012bz\u0113 bija iek\u013cauti tikai \u0136\u012bn\u0101 veikti p\u0113t\u012bjumi, p\u0113t\u012bjumu skaits bija neliels, intervences un dal\u012bbnieku grupas at\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0101s, un autori uzsv\u0113ra nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c liel\u0101kiem, metodolo\u0123iski stingr\u0101kiem p\u0113t\u012bjumiem un ilg\u0101ka rezult\u0101tu nov\u0113ro\u0161anas perioda.<\/p>

T\u0101tad pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 literat\u016bra ne\u013cauj vienk\u0101r\u0161i pateikt: \u201cpsihodr\u0101mas efektivit\u0101te ir pier\u0101d\u012bta visiem un vis\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s.\u201d <\/em>Ta\u010du t\u0101 ne\u013cauj ar\u012b apgalvot, ka psihodr\u0101ma b\u016btu metode bez emp\u012briska pamatojuma.<\/p>

Prec\u012bz\u0101k b\u016btu teikt:\u00a0psihodr\u0101mai ir augo\u0161a un daudzsolo\u0161a emp\u012brisk\u0101 pier\u0101d\u012bjumu b\u0101ze, ta\u010du t\u0101s apjoms un metodolo\u0123isk\u0101 kvalit\u0101te da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s kl\u012bniskaj\u0101s jo<\/em>m\u0101s joproj\u0101m b\u016btiski at\u0161\u0137iras.<\/em><\/p>

Psihodr\u0101ma \u0161odien<\/h4>

M\u016bsdienu psihodr\u0101mas p\u0113tniec\u012bb\u0101 jaut\u0101jums vairs nav tikai \u201cvai psihodr\u0101ma darbojas?\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Arvien noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101ks k\u013c\u016bst jaut\u0101jums:<\/p>

kas psihodr\u0101m\u0101 rada psihoterapeitiskas p\u0101rmai\u0146as?<\/strong><\/p>

Tiek p\u0113t\u012bti psihodr\u0101mas p\u0101rmai\u0146u procesi un t\u0101di elementi k\u0101 konkretiz\u0101cija, perspekt\u012bvas un lomu mai\u0146a, emocion\u0101l\u0101 p\u0101rstr\u0101de, interperson\u0101l\u0101 pieredze, spontanit\u0101te, refleksija un jaunu uzved\u012bbas vai rea\u0123\u0113\u0161anas veidu izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101\u0161ana.<\/p>

Hod Orkibi 2025. gada akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 p\u0101rskat\u0101 Psychodrama: A Creative Method to Survive and Thrive<\/em> apkopo psihodr\u0101mas m\u016bsdienu teoriju, praksi, izn\u0101kumu un p\u0101rmai\u0146u procesu p\u0113tniec\u012bbu. Tas par\u0101da ar\u012b b\u016btisku virziena att\u012bst\u012bbu \u2014 no jaut\u0101juma par to, vai<\/strong> psihodr\u0101ma darbojas, uz arvien prec\u012bz\u0101ku p\u0113tniec\u012bbu par to, kam, k\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos un ar k\u0101du meh\u0101nismu pal\u012bdz\u012bba var\u0113tu rasties<\/strong>.<\/p>

Tas ir noz\u012bm\u012bgs pav\u0113rsiens jebkuras psihoterapijas metodes att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101. Svar\u012bgi ir piemin\u0113t, ka kop\u0161 J.L.Moreno un Z.T.Moreno laikiem ir daudz ieguld\u012bts populariz\u0113\u0161an\u0101, speci\u0101listu apm\u0101c\u012bb\u0101, darb\u0101 ar klientiem un tikai neliela da\u013ca psihodramatistu ir nodevu\u0161ies p\u0113tniec\u012bbai un iemesls tam jau sl\u0113pjas iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101 – psihodr\u0101ma ir darb\u012bbas metode, piedz\u012bvojot, maina izpratni, attiec\u012bbas, savu realit\u0101ti un \u0161o jau ir daudz gr\u016bt\u0101k p\u0113t\u012bt un zin\u0101tnieciski aprakst\u012bt. Lab\u0101 zi\u0146a, ka p\u0113t\u012bjumi kop\u0161 J.L.Moreno laikiem ir notiku\u0161i, skaitliski maz, un tom\u0113r pietiekami, lai par\u0101d\u012btu zin\u0101tniski emp\u012brisk\u0101s b\u0101zes esam\u012bbu un att\u012bst\u012bbu.<\/p>

Literat\u016bra<\/h3>

Kipper, D. A., & Ritchie, T. D. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodramatic techniques: A meta-analysis. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7<\/em>(1), 13\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1089-2699.7.1.13<\/a><\/p>

L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. A., et al. (2021). Psychodrama group therapy for social issues: A systematic review of controlled clinical trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18<\/em>(9), 4442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18094442<\/a><\/p>

Orkibi, H., & Feniger-Schaal, R. (2019). Integrative systematic review of psychodrama psychotherapy research: Trends and methodological implications. PLOS ONE, 14<\/em>(2), e0212575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212575<\/a><\/p>

Orkibi, H. (2025). Psychodrama: A creative method to survive and thrive.<\/em> Cambridge University Press.<\/p>

Wang, X., Ding, R., & Luo, R. (2024). Effectiveness of psychodrama on mental health outcomes based on Chinese samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 11<\/em>, e116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmh.2024.89<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Izv\u0113loties psihoterapijas virzienu \u2014 gan k\u0101 klientam, gan k\u0101 topo\u0161ajam profesion\u0101lim \u2014 ir pamatoti jaut\u0101t ne tikai: vai \u0161\u012b metode mani uzrun\u0101? Tikpat svar\u012bgs ir jaut\u0101jums: ko m\u0113s zin\u0101m par t\u0101s efektivit\u0101ti un vietu m\u016bsdienu psihoterapij\u0101? Psihodr\u0101ma ir viena no v\u0113sturiski sen\u0101kaj\u0101m darb\u012bb\u0101 balst\u012btaj\u0101m psihoterapijas metod\u0113m. T\u0101s pirms\u0101kumi saist\u012bti ar psihiatra un psihoterapeita J\u0113kaba Levi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","circle-sale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4911"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4916,"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4911\/revisions\/4916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/psihodrama.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}